Alteration in Pleasure Thresholds: Explanation, Illustrations, and Consequences

Adjustment to Pleasure: Meaning, Illustrations, and Consequences

In the realm of psychology, a concept known as hedonic adaptation, or the "hedonic treadmill," has emerged as a significant player in understanding human happiness. This process describes the return of feelings of happiness to a relatively stable, baseline level after positive or negative life events.

The doctrine of hedonic adaptation, primarily researched in the late 20th century, suggests that after getting a promotion or raise, individuals may experience an initial surge of excitement. However, over time, they move back down to their baseline of happiness. This phenomenon is not limited to professional achievements; it can also be observed in the context of personal life events, such as the acquisition of a new possession. The initial surge of happiness from a new purchase or positive life event fades as the newness wears off, and one adapts to a new "normal."

Balancing novelty with a stable routine can prevent the constant need for more and help individuals find joy in everyday life. Recognising that negative feelings will lessen with time can provide encouragement. On the other hand, hedonic adaptation can have negative impacts, such as diminishing the joy derived from positive life events and leading to a relentless pursuit of new experiences or possessions. This relentless pursuit can result in frustration, dissatisfaction, and even depression when efforts fall short.

However, hedonic adaptation can also have positive impacts on mental health. For instance, it can bolster feelings of resilience after a distressing experience. Dr. Natalie Bernstein, a psychologist, noted that hedonic adaptation can serve as a protective measure against anxiety and depression as the adaptation process returns one to their typical level of contentment.

Practicing gratitude can slow down the adaptation process and help maintain a higher level of contentment. Engaging in mindfulness practices can help individuals fully experience and savor moments of joy. Pursuing meaningful goals that provide a sense of purpose and fulfillment can create longer-lasting satisfaction.

Travis McNulty, clinical director and founder of McNulty Counseling and Wellness, stated that hedonic adaptation may also feel like a loss when one longs to feel that way again or seeks out situations to create that feeling. There can be a sense of moving the goalposts or trying to top the last event as one seeks that burst of happiness. The constant chase for more can exacerbate feelings of emptiness and lead to mental health challenges.

In conclusion, understanding hedonic adaptation can provide valuable insights into human happiness and the pursuit of contentment. By recognising the ebb and flow of emotions, individuals can make more informed decisions about their goals, relationships, and overall well-being.