Diversity in microbes: Examining the discrepancies between microbiota and microbiome, and their effects on overall health

The human body is home to a diverse and intricate ecosystem, one that often goes unnoticed - the intestinal microbiota. This community of living microorganisms, primarily consolidated during the first years of life, plays a crucial role in our overall health and well-being.

Early exposure to microorganisms, even before birth, is key to the development of the immune system. The microbiome, which includes not only microorganisms but also their genomes and surrounding environmental conditions, begins to take shape during this critical period. Alterations during this time can affect immune maturation, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections and digestive problems.

The intestinal microbiota performs several key functions. It helps extract energy from food, facilitates the absorption of nutrients, and degrades complex molecules from both meats and vegetables. Moreover, it protects against pathogens, regulates the immune system, and reinforces intestinal biochemical barriers.

The diversity of the microbiota is astonishing, with over 1,000 different species coexisting in a single person. This diversity is favored by a varied diet and is associated with better health indicators. On the other hand, the use of antibiotics can modify the microbiota, potentially causing diseases, including resistant infections.

The metabolic activity of the microbiota can impact feelings of hunger and satiety. Furthermore, the gut-brain axis, the link between the microbiota and the brain, has sparked scientific interest. Communication between both systems affects intestinal function and could be related to psychological disorders such as depression.

Researchers led by Manu Tamminen recently discovered three new species of electric yeasts with record discharges, adding to the ever-growing understanding of the microbial world. The Human Microbiome Project, driven by the National Institutes of Health in the United States, was a turning point in analyzing the microbial composition in different populations and its relationship with health and disease. Identifying genetic patterns and developing methods for classifying and analyzing microbial diversity through the Human Microbiome Project has helped better understand the association between certain microbial compositions and specific diseases, and has paved the way for new intervention strategies.

It's important to note that the microbial composition varies significantly between individuals and body zones. Despite this, the intestine harbors one of the largest and most complex microbial communities: the intestinal microbiota. The number of microbial cells in the human body varies between 10 and 100 trillion, making them outnumber human cells by a significant margin.

In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota is a vital part of our bodies, with far-reaching implications for our health. Understanding and maintaining a balanced microbiota could be key to preventing and treating a wide range of diseases, from digestive issues to psychological disorders. As research continues to uncover the secrets of this unseen world within us, its importance in human health becomes increasingly apparent.