Expanding lion numbers in India signal reasons for joy, yet pose a life-threatening predicament
In the western Indian state of Gujarat, the world's last remaining population of wild Asiatic lions continues to thrive. However, the growth of this unique species has brought about challenges, including increasing conflicts with local communities.
The lion population in Gujarat has seen a 30% rise over the past five years, reaching 891 as of May 2023. This growth can be attributed to increased funding for conservation efforts and the successful implementation of protective measures. Yet, the expanding lion population outside Gir National Park has led to conflicts with local people, resulting in seven fatal attacks on people in India between June 2022 and June 2023.
One such tragedy occurred in Gujarat, where a five-year-old boy named Pulsing Ajnera lost his life to a lion attack. The incident has caused fear among local communities, leading some families, like that of Ajnera, to relocate out of concern for their safety.
The Gujarat government has proposed a solution to this issue by suggesting the relocation of some lions to the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary within state borders. However, concerns have been raised about the sanctuary's suitability, as it is too small and short on prey to sustain a viable lion population. Additionally, its proximity to Gir National Park could potentially lead to the spread of disease.
An alternative proposal has been on the table since 1994: the translocation of Asiatic lions to the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. This idea was initiated by the Indian government and wildlife conservationists, with the aim of creating a second habitat for the species. In 2013, the Supreme Court of India ruled in favour of this re-introduction, directing the Ministry of Environment to take necessary steps.
The cheetah program in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, launched in 2022, serves as a precedent for the successful re-introduction of big cats. As of May 2023, 31 cheetahs are living in the sanctuary, indicating a successful population growth.
The International Big Cat Alliance, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2023, aims to save seven big cat species, including lions. This alliance underscores the Indian government's commitment to feline conservation.
Asiatic lions, with their dark mane and unique folds of skin along their bellies, are slightly smaller than their African cousins. These lions have adapted to human-dominated habitats, often being found in hotel parking lots, on top of people's homes, and resting on terraces.
The local community benefits economically from the presence of lions, with tourism and the elimination of pests such as pigs and nilgais providing significant income. Despite these benefits, the conflicts between lions and humans remain a pressing issue that requires careful management and consideration.
In conclusion, the conservation of Asiatic lions in Gujarat continues to be a delicate balance between protecting the species and ensuring the safety and well-being of local communities. The ongoing discussions regarding the formation of an expert committee for the lion translocation, as well as the increased funding for lion protection, indicate a commitment to finding sustainable solutions for this unique ecosystem.
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