Investigating measures for suspected fungal toxins

In Germany, a common threat to foragers and mushroom enthusiasts is the Green-spored Parasol (Chlorophyllum molybdites), a poisonous mushroom that resembles edible species like the Field Mushroom (Agaricus campestris) and the Green Fieldcap (Agrocybe aegerita). This similarity often leads to unfortunate mix-ups.

The Green-spored Parasol contains the highly toxic alpha-amanitin, which attacks cells in the liver and can potentially lead to organ failure and death. According to estimates by the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), this mushroom is responsible for at least 80% of all fatal mushroom poisonings in Germany.

The best way to ensure safety when collecting mushrooms is to have your finds checked by a mushroom expert. For those unfamiliar with mushrooms, the German Liver Foundation recommends attending guided excursions with experts to avoid poisonous species.

However, even thorough cooking cannot destroy the toxin in the Green-spored Parasol, as it is heat-stable. After eating a dish containing this mushroom, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and dizziness may occur. Depending on the toxin content, as little as 5 to 50 grams of fresh Green-spored Parasol can be fatal, with smaller amounts potentially life-threatening for children and the elderly.

The BfR advises notifying other people who also consumed the mushroom meal. They should also get a medical examination - even if they haven't been bothered by symptoms yet. Drinking milk is not a recommended first aid measure for mushroom poisonings, as it can promote toxin absorption, according to the BfR.

It's important to note that animal grazing marks do not indicate if a mushroom is safe for humans. For example, snails can eat the Green-spored Parasol mushroom without any issues.

The German Society for Mycology provides an online search tool for mushroom identification. However, experts advise against relying on these tools, especially for novice foragers.

If you suspect mushroom poisoning, seek medical help immediately or call an emergency doctor. You can also call your local poison control center for an assessment if you're unsure about the urgency of medical help. A list of poison control numbers can be found online.

Mushroom experts identify the Grünspeicher-Parasol (Chlorophyllum rhacodes) by its greenish spore print, scaly cap, white gills that turn greenish with age, and habitat in woodlands or grassy areas.

The BfR warns against inducing vomiting after suspecting consumption of poisonous mushrooms due to potential health risks. Instead, focus on getting medical help as soon as possible.

Stay safe and enjoy foraging responsibly!