early recognition indicators of autism in infants and young children

Recognizing Autism in Infants and Young Children: Identifying Key Indicators

In the United States, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects a certain number of individuals, making early detection and treatment crucial for better long-term outcomes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for autism during well-child visits at 18 and 24 months. However, careful monitoring of a child's developmental milestones, especially in the early stages, can help identify ASD in young children and infants.

At 2 months, babies usually start to smile. Delayed or progressively less smiling can be a concern. Similarly, less eye contact in babies between 2 and 6 months may indicate autism. On the other hand, at around 4 months, babies may show interest in other people and respond to affection. Lack of such behavior might indicate the need for a health professional consultation.

Repetitive movements like hand flapping, spinning, or rocking can be a sign of ASD. Intense interest in objects other than toys, or lining up toys in orderly rows instead of playing with them as they're intended, can also be a sign. Ongoing gastrointestinal issues can also be a sign of ASD.

Difficulty with changes in routine can be another indicator. Echolalia, or repeating words or phrases without intent to communicate, is a sign of ASD in older children. Delays in toilet training can also be a sign. Regression of skills, such as babbling or engaging with caregivers, can also be a sign of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

It's important to note that additional screenings are recommended if the infant has risk factors for autism, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, or having an autistic parent or sibling.

Screening tools used to assess autism in children include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children (STAT), Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS), and Parents' Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS).

Parent observation is often the most reliable way to detect signs of autism in young children. Medical professionals rely on parent observations and look at developmental records and behavior to determine the presence of ASD. In 41.9% of autistic children, symptoms were first noticeable between 7 and 12 months.

The CDC's "Learn the Signs. Act Early" program provides information, a Milestone Tracker APP, and resources to help monitor a child's developmental progress and provide information on autism. By being aware of these signs and seeking professional help when necessary, parents and caregivers can help ensure the best possible outcomes for children with autism.