Variations of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Understanding Different Forms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a common mental health condition and neurodevelopmental disorder that affects people of all ages, ethnicities, and races. This article aims to provide a clear and concise understanding of ADHD, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Types of ADHD

There are three types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Inattentive ADHD, also known as ADD, is characterised by symptoms that revolve around inattention, such as difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, and carelessness. Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, on the other hand, is characterised by symptoms that centre around hyperactivity and impulsivity, such as fidgeting, restlessness, and difficulty regulating the volume of one's voice. A combined ADHD diagnosis requires a person to exhibit enough symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD for six months or longer.

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD can vary greatly, but they generally involve difficulties with focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. For those with inattentive ADHD, symptoms may show up in other ways, such as losing personal items, turning assignments in late, and making mistakes that seem "careless". Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms in children may include fidgeting, lashing out physically, and difficulty regulating the volume of their voices. In adults, these symptoms may manifest as impulsivity, restlessness, and trouble focusing.

Diagnosis of ADHD

ADHD can only be diagnosed by a doctor or therapist. Clinical assessments used by therapists and doctors include tools like rating scales and interviews. For a diagnosis of inattentive ADHD, symptoms of inattention must be present for six or more months for adults, and five or more symptoms are necessary for people 17 years and older. For children 16 years and younger, six or more symptoms are necessary. Similarly, for a diagnosis of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, symptoms must be present for six or more months and be considered inappropriate for someone's age level.

Treatment of ADHD

Treatment for ADHD often consists of a combination of medication, therapy, self-care, and lifestyle changes. For hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, treatment typically includes a combination of medication and therapy. Medication for hyperactive-impulsive ADHD is often administered in smaller dosages to decrease side effects like fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, sleep disturbance, headaches, etc. Therapy, on the other hand, can help individuals with ADHD learn coping strategies and develop better organisational skills.

Prevalence of ADHD

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 9.4% of children in the United States were diagnosed with ADHD in 2016. Interestingly, the group with the highest prevalence of ADHD in the United States are adults with opioid addiction, among whom ADHD prevalence is about 50%.

Misdiagnosis of ADHD

Other disorders and conditions are commonly misdiagnosed in place of ADHD, including bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and sensory processing disorders. It is important to consult with a doctor or therapist to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Seeking Help

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of ADHD, it is important to speak with a doctor about them. Psych Central's guide to seeking mental health care may be helpful for those ready to get help but don't know where to begin.

Gender Differences in ADHD

ADHD symptoms are often overlooked in girls and women. Boys may be more than twice as likely to be diagnosed as girls, but this does not mean that girls do not experience ADHD. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of ADHD in both boys and girls.

In conclusion, ADHD is a complex mental health condition that affects many individuals. By understanding its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, we can better support those with ADHD and help them lead fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of ADHD, it is important to seek help from a doctor or therapist.